Functional Group Priority IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry

Functional Group Priorities, IUPAC, Organic Chemistry

If more than one functional group co-exist in the same compound, IUPAC directs the following functional group priorities.

Priority

1

Structure
Functional Group Priorities IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry naming of compound with multiple functional group
Name
Carboxylic Acid
Nomenclature

Drop “e” at the end of alkane and replace with “oic acid“

Example

Propane -> Propanoic acid, octane -> octanoic acid

Name as Substituent

dioic acid (2 carboxylic acid), tricarboxyl acid (3 carboxylic acid).

Example​

hexanedioic acid. 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (citric acid)

2

Ester, Functional Group Priority IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry
Ester

Drop “e” at the end of alkane and replace it with “oate“

butane -> butanoate, decane -> decanoate

alkoxycarbonyl- e.g. methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, etc…

2-(Methoxycarbonyl)butanoic acid

3

Acyl Halide, Functional Group Priority IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry
Acid halide or Acyl halide

Drop “e” at the end of alkane and replace it with “oyl halide“

pentane -> pentanoyl chloride, butane -> butanoyl bromide

halocarbonyl-

Methyl 4-(chlorocarbonyl)benzoate

4

Amide, Functional Group Priority IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry
Amide

Drop “e” at the end of alkane and replace it with “amide“

pentane -> pentanamide, hexane -> hexanamide

carbamoyl-

4-carbamoyl-5-methylhexanoic acid

5

Aldehyde, Functional Group Priority IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry
Aldehyde

Drop “e” at the end of alkane and replace it with “al“

ethane -> ethanal (acetaldehyde), heptane -> heptanal

oxo-

7-oxooctanoic acid

6

Ketone, Functional Group Priority IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry
Ketone

Drop “e” at the end of alkane and replace it with “one“

propane -> propanone, pentane -> 2-pentanone

oxo-

5-oxononanoic acid

7

Alcohol, Functional Group Priority IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry
Alcohol

Drop “e” at the end of alkane and replace it with “ol“

hexane -> hexanol, butane -> butanol

hydroxy-

3-hydroxypentanal

8

Amine, Functional Group Priority IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry
Amine

Drop “e” at the end of alkane and replace it with “amine“

octane -> octan-5-amine, propane -> propan-2-amine

amino-

(S)-2-Aminopentan-1-ol

9

alkene, Functional Group Priority IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry
Alkene

Drop “ane” at the end of alkane and replace it with “ene“

heptane -> heptene

alkenyl – (e.g. ethenyl, propenyl)

1-(3-Butenyl)cyclohexene

10

alkyne, Functional Group Priority IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry
Alkyne

Drop “ane” at the end of alkane and replace it with “yne“

pentane -> pentyne, octane -> octyne

alkynyl – (e.g. ethynyl, propynyl)

1-ethynylcyclohex-1-ene

N/A

ether, Functional Group Priority IUPAC Nomenclature, Organic Chemistry
Alkoxy (substituent)

(substituent naming), drop “ane” at the end of alkane and replace it with “oxy” for substituent

(substituent naming), ethane -> ethoxybutane (the shorter chain is the substituent for ether)

alkoxy- (e.g. propanoxy, butanoxy)

(R)-2-ethoxy-propan-1-ol

N/A

halogen
halide (substituent)

N/A

N/A

Drop “ine” at the end of halogen and replace it with “o“

fluorine -> fluoro, chlorine -> chloro, bromine -> bromo, iodine -> iodo. 1-bromopentane

N/A

alkyl group
Alkyl (substituent)

N/A

N/A

Drop “ane” at the end of alkane and replace it with “yl“

methane -> methyl, ethane -> ethyl. Propylcyclohexane

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